Glossary of Hardware AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP, Accelerated Graphics Port, often called Advanced Graphics Port Advanced Graphics Port) is a port (since you can only connect one device, while on the bus can connect multiple) developed by Intel in 1996 as a solution to the bottlenecks that occur in the graphics card that used the PCI bus. The design of the PCI 2.1 specifications, The AGP bus runs at 66 Mhz to 33 MHz front of the old PCI still unidirectional. This bus is directly linked to the front of the system bus (FSB) in older chipsets that do not allow blocking, so that an increase in frequency in any of the three buses caused, automatically, an increase in frequency.
PCI: Evolution of the standard 16-bit ISA, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection) is used for connection of expansion cards into the motherboard of the system. There are two standards defined: The PCI 2.1 33 MHz, and most commonly used in the vast majority of motherboards, and PCI-X or PCI64 transmitting information at 66 MHz and is used in professional environments motherboards (workstations and servers), In both cases, unidirectional buses.
PCIe: Also known as PCI express and sometimes confused with PCI-X, is a new revision of the old PCI standard which had increased the frequency to 100 Mhz, with a bi-directional bus and an internal electrical connection differently. Is characterized by a modular bus, ie, the bandwidth provided is configurable by the manufacturer of the motherboard / chipset, since information is transmitted by a series of independent channels of fixed capacity, so that more channels, higher data transmission capacity. The number of routes are identified, some of the larger size of the slot, by a multiplier after the acronym PCIe. In this way, the PCIe x1 are frequent (one way) PCIe x4 (4 channels), x8 and x16. As a curious feature, commenting that the devices PCIe x1 and x4 slots are fully installed in x8 and x16.
ATA / IDE: The IDE (Integrated Device Electronics, Integrated Device Electronics) or ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment), controls the mass storage devices for data, such as hard drives and ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface) and also add devices such as CD-ROM.
PATA: Parallel ATA or poorly known as IDE, is the old standard for connecting storage devices and data from almost the dawn of the personal computer. It is a unidirectional bus which allows the connection of two devices in parallel, but both devices should operate in shifts if they wish to access it. Given that both devices share the same band of data, we need to tell the system if the device is a primary (master) or secondary (slave). It is a bus going to fall into disuse compared to the boom of the increasingly popular SATA. Although originally UltraATA devices have a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 33 MB / s (ATA-33), eventually left the standard ATA-66, 100 and 133 (although the 133 was a development in isolation for Maxtor disks never hard rennet).
SATA: Serial ATA, or is a development on the original PATA standard that eliminates the connection in parallel with a connection point to point would be much more efficient in terms of performance and a higher rate of information transfer. The initial standard was called SATA1 SATA or SATA-150 for its maximum transfer rate of 150MB / s. The current standard called SATA2 or SATA-300 doubles the data transfer rates of the old standard SATA-150.
SCSI: Acronym for Small Computer System Interface, is a type of data transmission, unlike the old PATA, is bidirectional and has higher rates of data transfers per second. The original SCSI standard guaranteed 4MB / s, but the current Ultra Wide SCSI 320 ensures 320 MB / s. Aside from its enormous data transfer rate, the SCSI standard has the advantage compared to the IDE can connect multiple devices on one bus (16 for the 320 SCSI UWide) without sacrificing performance. Against these advantages, the main disadvantage is that the SCSI components are very expensive and its use is limited to workstations and servers.
RAID: Redundant Array of Independent Disks (array of independent disks) is a storage technology that uses multiple hard disks and the independent set as one for purposes of the OS so that data are distributed among all couples seeking benefits in data storage or increased safety. The RAID can be of several types: RAID 0 stripping or distributes data unevenly between the disks that make up the RAID, dramatically increasing the speed of transfer, but the problem is that if the RAID is corrupted or a failure of discs, all information is lost and unrecoverable, RAID 1 or Mirroring is that the information recorded on one disk is automatically copied to the other as backup, with a decrease in performance compared to the normal use of a HDD, RAID 5 or mirroring + stripping (also called RAID 1 +0), is a fusion of the two aforementioned Raids to the advantages inherent in them but with the disadvantage of the large number of HDD for doing so.
BIOS: The Basic Input / Output Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) code is an interface that locates and loads the operating system into RAM, is a very basic software installed on the motherboard that allows it to perform its task . Provides low-level communication, and the hardware configuration and operating system that at least handles the keyboard and provides basic output (standard beeps from the speaker of the computer if there are failures) during startup.
Jumper: A small piece of plastic with a metal bridge in it that serves to close contacts on a computer whose activity can not be changed through some type of software.
CPU: The central processing unit CPU (for its initials in English Central Processor Unit), or just the processor. Is the component in a digital computer that interprets instructions and processes data contained in computer programs?
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