Subnet mask describes the bits associated with the network 10 and host 10. If an octet in the subnet mask is equal to 1, it refers to network 10, and if the octet in the subnet mask is equal to zero, it refers to host ID. Subnetting is to split single IP based network address into sub network address. The entire address 127.0.0.0 is never used as network address because it is reserved for network itself and it is known as loopback. As described above that 1 represents the by the IP address.

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The address consists of a 32 bits binary number of 4 octets. IP address is divided into classes and each class has their specific range as givennetwork 10 and host 10 is represented by O. Always remember that never all the ones and all the zero! are allowed to be used as network IDs or host IDs. Bit wise ANDing values (Boolean) are always used to represent the host 10 and network 10. Boolean values are nothing but the arrangement binary bits. All the addresses are translated into binary bits before passing to network. IP address and subnet mask are ANDing to get the net 10and host ID.