One of the most difficult tasks, TCP / IP must meet in order to determine whether the IP address in the same subnet. The problem is actually not too difficult once you understand how TCP / IP uses IP-address and subnet mask.

IP address will look something like this: 192.168.10.52. IP addresses always contain four numbers in the range 0-255, separated by dots. Some addresses of IP, called the network ID, and serves as a unique identifier for a particular subnet.

The rest of the IP address is called the host ID and determines a specific computer or network device on that subnet uniquely. As you can tell which part of the IP addresses is to what extent? With a subnet mask. The subnet mask looks like the address of IP, with four groups of numbers: 255.255.255.0.

Remember that computers are binary machines, which can be understood only in zeros and ones. For the subnet mask is meaningless, you have to translate it and the IP address in binary form.

Tip

Convert all the four groups (octets) of numbers into binary code. For example, an IP address of 192.168.10.41 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 look like this in binary:

Address or Mask 1st octet 2nd octet 3rd octet 4th octet 192.168.10.41 11000000 10101000 00001010 00101001 255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

You can switch Windows calculator in the field of view of science, which allows you to convert a decimal number in binary form.
Everyplace you see "1" in the subnet mask correspond to the part of the address IP, which is the network ID. Everyplace you see a "0" in the subnet mask correspond to the part of the address IP, which is the host ID.

Here, the network code 192.168.10 and the host identifier 41.TCP/IP considers all the IP address that starts with 192.168.10 as if it were on the same subnet. Any IP address that starts with something other than 192.168.10 treated as if it had existed on a different subnet.

Basic TCP / IP Services

The number of protocols, TCP / IP Suite are the basic protocols, which mean that they are usually present in any network that uses TCP / IP. General protocols provide basic services that the network cannot do. These services include _ data.

Processing more than one protocol:

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Computers use UDP, when they need to send a packet of data and do not care if the remote computer actually receives the data. Computers using TCP, which loads the data to be transferred, because TCP allows a remote computer in response confirming receipt of data.

_ Names. Provided by the Domain Name System, or DNS, protocol. DNS allows people to use easy to remember names like Microsoft Corporation and allows computers to translate these names into numeric addresses IP.

_ Windows Internet Name System (WINS). Previous versions of Windows also use WINS to translate computer names to addresses IP. Windows Server 2003 is compatible with WINS.