Audio adapters have become ordinary features in systems; several vendors have made audio adapters, audio chips, integrated motherboard chipsets with audio features, and even specialized vacuum tube audio. Here we study some of these companies and their products.

As you have learned in other chapters, I think it is important to obtain all technical data about your PC and its parts. By knowing who produces audio chip your PC based on, you can discover what the hardware can do and able to get upgrades to software drivers you want to obtain most out of audio hardware.