The console command line is present in all Windows operating systems. Early versions of OS support for MS-DOS mode directly, allowing perform simple commands directly from the console. Representatives of the NT family, such as Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003, has been operating for most of the other principles, but MS-DOS are also available, but through the virtual machine (NT Virtual DOS Machine, NTVDM), which allows to control and administrate system resources directly from the console command mode. As an interpreter command mode supports cmd.exe program, which is implemented through the launch of "Start Menu -> Run". Furthermore, to launch the console, you can use menu feature "Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Command Prompt".

Executing the command console mode, the user can manage resources as a local system and remote resources. There are teams that perform monitoring system and identify critical locations configured server. Difference work from the command line is the total absence of large and bulky graphic tools. The program allows a command line setup, in the form of thin-key parameters specified right of the team.

Using special files scripts (sets of commands, running consecutively or programmed in order) an administrator can minimize execution of routine daily operations. Existing modern tools such scripts run with a given frequency without the presence of a system administrator.

Team 1 & Team 2 - will be implemented first
Team 1 and Team 2 then;
Team 1 & & Team 2 - only after successful
Implementation Teams 1 Team 2 will be launched.
It is possible to redirect program flow directly to the output to a text file for further processing. This requires the administrator to use the symbol ">" and the name of a text file. Example output current directory contents of a text file with the command Report.txt dir shown below:

In modern operating systems, there are many commands and utilities. Remember this quantity of various programmes, much less their parameters
it is very difficult, so one of the most important parameters for each program is the combination of characters?. After completing a team with such a parameter, the user will receive a comprehensive report on the application of tools and syntax of its parameters.

Please note that the figure in the upper left-hand corner of the next page used complex syntax. Thus, immediately after the shutdown /? following a special separator "|" is more command, allowing information on the screen was not as well-defined portions, suitable for further reading.

Who is the principal?
At its possibilities console programs are divided into:

management team operating system - it commands such as shutdown or taskkill;
networked command - and ipconfig net;
commands for monitoring system - and tasklist systeminfo;
team to support the file system - dir, mkdir, copy;
team to serve hard drives - and diskpart defrag;
team to support Directory Services (Active Directories) - addrep and dsadd;
supporting the team, in this section includes various utilities for creating scenarios, settings for printers, with environment variables, etc.
Consider a typical representatives of each group and allow yourself to give some recommendations on the use of the commands them.

Teams monitoring and diagnosis
To identify problems in hardware and software problems with the monitoring team would like systeminfo and tasklist. These tools first appeared only in the operating system Windows Server 2003, so administrators had not yet fully assessed the functionality of these commands. For example, no longer have to climb into a bookmark "Properties" icon "My Computer" - a command systeminfo prints on the screen console basic information on all components of the system with full decryption. The parameter / s will print information on any remote computer. For example, to determine the configuration of the computer TESTSERVER execute this command:

systeminfo / s TESTSERVER
A utility tasklist show the processes running on your computer.
Tasklist utility allows the system to probe connected to the network. The parameter / v provides an opportunity to receive detailed listings of useful information, including the names of users and the option / t shows processes topped specific dll file. Another useful utility - openfiles - provides information on all open files on local and remote operating system. In earlier versions of Windows operating systems had to use oh.exe command, the modern versions simply follow the command line console command, which sets up a regime to monitor all open

Teams management operating system

Windows Server 2003 provides a new team of administrators to help not only diagnose system, but also to manage it. These commands include utility shutdown. As a key parameters-this utility you can use the following:

/ s - a complete disconnection of the staffing system;
/ g - reloading;
/ P - power;
/ f - shutting down the active application;
/ d - in the transition mode energy consumption;
/ I - completion of a session without a break in the computer.
As a means of recording all staff to switch off the computer's processor supports full-shutdown events (Shutdown Event Tracker), which collects and turn off all the diagnoses, made administrator. And also the opportunity to switch off the system, indicating the reasons for the need to use key / d.

Team taskkill, analog kill command in operating systems * nix allows "kill" hung annex. Together with the team tasklist these utilities are a powerful tool for rapid intervention in the progress of the application of a potential threat to the server's performance. Of the parameters of this command should be noted key / pid, which allows him to complete the unique identifier, and the key / im - to complete an application with a specific name. This example complete trials identifiers 1000 1240

Optimization allows you to do a hard disk defrag command. The utility is able to defragment drives with the FAT file system, NTFS and FAT32. Defrag works equally well as dynamic disk type, and from the base. Syntax call this command:

defrag disk [-a j [f] [-v] [-? ]
The - but only provides analysis of information on the disk, parameter-f - optimization of information, including the absence of disk space necessary for the creation of temporary files, and the-v - output record of the optimization. Do not forget that successful disk defragmentation must contain at least 15% of available space.

Fdisk command has not supported kernel operating system Windows Server 2003. Be replaced by diskpart command had also intended to serve hard drives. Split hard disk, create logical drives, delete them - are some tasks that the utility. Basically diskpart command focused on the work of special files, scripts, which are described in the maintenance of hard drives. Here's the challenge of this command to a file-Scriptl.txt scenario:

diskpart / s Scriptl.txt
Each line of this file is instruction for a piece of the operation. For example, the command provides for the creation of a new section of a certain size line

Among the network commands would like to highlight two utilities. The first - a team ipconfig, the second - netstat. System administrators use these commands, not only for monitoring the network, but also to protect against harmful programs trying to gain control over the system.

Using utilities ipconfig user can know the network address of a computer and causing this command with a parameter / all, to get full information about the configuration of the local computer network. The parameter / renew lets you change network settings without restarting the system as a whole.

If you notice that your computer is happening is something something bad, then the netstat command, which not only point to open network ports on which attackers can connect to your system, but also identifies the processes running on the server without your knowledge. Thus, the key / to display information on the process identifier (PID) using any network connection. It is possible to see what the computers in your network communicate with the local operating system.

Teams to support Directory Services

The entire network consists of the components and is a complex hierarchical structure, built in a tree. The objects of such a system are the sites, subnets, servers, computers, groups, users, contacts, shared network devices.

To monitor the complex structure of the operating system provides dsquery command, which is intended for advanced search directory service components. Also, you can use this command to display information on the properties of selected components (attr-key). Options-scope,-subtree, "onelevel, determine the base-level nested searches, and key-tap filter allows search filter.

Dsmod team can help, if necessary, modification of one or more accounts for the selected component Directory Services. For example, you can remove a user from a group or appoint him a new password. Example changes account for the user TestUser shown below:

Teams to support the file system

Some drugs are often commands for working with files and directories presented in the table. Teams deltree, who served cascading deleting folders and files in them, now replaces rmdir with / s.

V - vertical line "I";
D - the current date;
G - sign more ">";
1_ - a sign less "Command". Parametru Default assign Command key importance "cmd.exe / k cd"% 1 ".

Conclusion
Well, that's it. We talked about the basics of working with the console. More give you the opportunity to explore the functionality and diversity of console commands. But do not forget cherished key?, And the rest will come with time and experience.